SQL Programming

Course Overview

Course Description:SQL is a simple language to manage and query databases, perfect for beginners working with data.

Topics Covered:

• Basics of SQL syntax and database concepts
• Writing simple SELECT queries to retrieve data
• Filtering, sorting, and grouping data
• Basic JOIN operations to combine tables
• Inserting, updating, and deleting records

Syllabus

Module 1: SQL Basics & Database Fundamentals

• Introduction to Databases (RDBMS vs NoSQL)
• Installing SQL tools (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite)
• SQL basics: CREATE, DROP, USE, SHOW
• Data types (INT, VARCHAR, DATE, etc.)
• CRUD operations: INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE

LAB 1

• Install MySQL / SQLite DB Browser
• Create a database and table for student records
• Insert and query data using SELECT with WHERE

Module 2: Intermediate SQL – Filtering, Functions & Joins

• Filtering data with WHERE, BETWEEN, IN, LIKE
• Sorting and limiting (ORDER BY, LIMIT)
• Aggregate functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
• Grouping with GROUP BY, filtering with HAVING
• JOINS: INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL

LAB 2

• Query employee dataset to find avg salary by department
• Write JOIN queries between employees & departments
• Use GROUP BY + HAVING to filter grouped results

Module 3: Advanced SQL – Subqueries, Views & Transactions

• Subqueries (single-row, multi-row, correlated)
• Common Table Expressions (CTEs)
• Views & materialized views
• Transactions (BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK)
• Constraints (PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, CHECK)

LAB 3

• Create a view for active customers from sales dataset
• Use subqueries to find top 3 highest-paid employees
• Implement transaction handling for banking operations

Module 4: Expert SQL – Optimization, Indexing & Big Data Integration

• Indexes & query optimization
• Stored Procedures & Functions
• Triggers & Automation
• Window Functions (ROW_NUMBER, RANK, PARTITION BY)
• SQL with Big Data (Google BigQuery, Kaggle, PostgreSQL advanced)
• Capstone Project (End-to-End DB solution)

LAB 4

• Create and use indexes to optimize queries
• Write a stored procedure for calculating discounts
• Implement triggers for audit logging
• Query a public dataset using Google BigQuery
• Capstone: Build a mini project (Library DB / E-commerce DB / Hospital DB)

Learning Outcome

• Understand core SQL concepts and relational database structure.
• Perform efficient data retrieval, manipulation, and reporting.
• Design, optimize, and manage complete database systems with real-world applications.